Recommendation Letter for Grad School From Therapist

Is it ever too late to seek a grad school recommendation letter from a former professor? When should you ask an employer or colleague for a recommendation? And – most critical here – is it ever a good idea for an applicant to solicit a recommendation letter from his or her therapist? We think the third question is most important for us to tackle, so let’s consider it first. Should You Ask Your Therapist for a Recommendation Letter? No. There are a great many reasons for this. But, simply, no. Here are some reasons why. The therapist-client relationship is not a professional, academic, relationship. Contact with a therapist is based on a therapeutic relationship. The primary job of a therapist is to provide services, not to write a recommendation. A therapist cannot provide an objective perspective on your professional competencies. Given that your therapist is not your professor, he or she cannot offer an opinion on your academic abilities.A therapist’s letter may look like an attempt to fatten a thin application.   A letter from your therapist might be interpreted by the admissions committee that you don’t have sufficient academic and professional experiences and that the therapist is filling a gap in your credentials. A therapist cannot speak to your academics.A recommendation letter from a therapist will make an admissions committee question an applicant’s judgment. Your therapist can speak to your mental health and personal growth – but is that really what you want to convey to the admissions committee? Do you want the committee to know the details about your therapy? Likely not. As an aspiring clinical psychologist, do you really want to raise attention to your mental health issues? Luckily most therapists realize that this would be ethically questionable and would likely deny your request for a recommendation letter. Effective recommendations for graduate school speak to the students academic and professional competence. Helpful  recommendation letters are written by professionals who have worked with you in an academic capacity. They discuss specific experiences and competencies that support an applicants preparation for the academic and professional tasks entailed in graduate study. It is unlikely that a letter from a therapist can fulfill these goals. Now that’s said, let’s consider the other two issues Is It Too Late to Request a Recommendation from a Professor? A qualified not really.   Professors are used to getting  recommendation letter requests  from former students. Many people decide to go to grad school well after graduating. Three years, such as in this example, isn’t long at all. Choose a letter from a professor – even if you think too much time has passed – over one from a therapist any day.   Regardless, your application should always include at minimum one academic reference.   You may think that your professors dont remember you (and they might not), but it isn’t unusual  for them to be contacted years later. If you are unable to identify any professors who can write helpful letters on your behalf you may need to work on building your application. Doctoral programs emphasize research and prefer applicants with research experience. Obtaining these experiences puts you in contact with professors – and potential recommendation letters. When Should You Request a Letter from an Employer or Colleague? A letter from an employer or colleague is useful when an applicant has been out of school for a number of years. It can fill the gap between graduation and your application. A colleague or employer’s recommendation letter is especially helpful if you work in a related field and if he or she knows how to write an effective letter. For example,   an applicant who works in a social service setting may find an employer’s recommendation helpful in applying to therapy-oriented programs. An effective referee can talk about your skills and how your competencies suit your field of study. A letter from your employer and colleague may be appropriate if they detail your capacities for academic work and success in the field (and include concrete examples as support). That makes for a high-quality recommendation regardless of who writes it.

Psychology of Business - Nike She Runs - 1414 Words

A Psychological Perspective Synopsis Exam Exam Question: â€Å"Today business and organizations have to function within a globalized, diverse, highly competitive and rapidly changing market. This calls for new approaches, strategies, organizations and understandings. Based on a relevant case/problem, account for and discuss how a psychological perspective can qualify those.† Hand in date: 8th May 2014 Julie Ingemann Jensen 3 Pages Copenhagen Business School 2014 Nike currently stands as a dominant leader in the global athletic retail industry. Particularly amongst females Nike is seen as a popular choice for apparel yet has had trouble solidifying itself as a top choice for footwear, with competitor ASICS seen as the preferred†¦show more content†¦This has allowed the She Runs campaign to be successful in securing more active participants in the brand community and ultimately growing Nike’s customer base. Part of Nike’s mission statement explains, â€Å"If you have a body, you are an athlete† (Nike, 2013). The She Runs campaign is in line with this mission statement, as they encourage all types of women to get involved and inspire them to discover their own athletic potential. This motivates women to consider themselves as athletic, modifying their self-schema and therefore shaping their behaviours, perceptions and motivations in favour of the Nike brand. Social Psychology, Culture and Attitudes Nike identified that women have a tendency towards self-handicapping behaviour. Women perceive running in groups as competitive and intimidating, leaving them to overcome running fears and goals in isolation (AdNewsAus 2013). This is greatly contrasted to the female stereotype and inclination to discuss and partake in shared experiences (MarketingMag 2013). Nike recognised this behaviour and turned it into an opportunity through the formation of the She Runs community. Due to the need of belonging, women have conformed to the actions of those in their reference group both on and offline in the campaign. Women are connected to those that share their aspirations, beliefs, attitudes and their ‘ideal self’. This community continues to grow due to conformity and how individuals matchShow MoreRelatedComplete Project on Nike16139 Words   |  65 PagesA SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON MARKETING STRATEGY OF NIKE AT â€Å"NIKESHOES INDUSTRIES LIMITED† SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA) TRAINING SUPERVISOR SUBMITTED BY SESSION 2005-2008 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The present work is an effort to throw some light on Marketing Strategy of Nike at â€Å"Nike Industries Limited†. The work would not have been possible to come to the present shape without the able guidance, supervision and helpRead MoreMarketing Concept Is International And Used By Establishments Throughout The World2054 Words   |  9 Pagesto go for their morning run, and a company such as Nike has come out with a new pair of running sneakers that need to be sold, there are two people with unsatisfied needs. Both parties have needs that they are willing to fulfill. The person with the need for running sneakers has the time and the money to go to the store and buy the sneakers or go online and order the sneakers and Nike wants the sneakers to be sold and has made purchasing convenient for the customer. Nike communicates its desire toRead MoreHuman Resource Intercountry Differences when going International4958 Words   |  20 Pagesthat cause that the personnel remains in the organization. The following work will attempt to answer the question Can Inter-country differences affect HRM. 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To solve this purpose, there is much talk about Corporate SocialRead MoreNote on Measuring Brand Awareness, Brand Image, Brand Equity and Brand Value Pierre Chandon3528 Words   |  15 Pagesthe four scores for each association. Brand personality list Jennifer Aaker (1997) developed a set of adjectives that can be used to describe the personality of a brand, much like the personality of an individual (see Keller 2003, chapter 9 p. 448). She distinguishes five facets of brand personality: Sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication and ruggedness. Two or more adjectives measure each facet. The method consists of asking subjects to what extent each adjective describes the brand. -Read More Affluenza- An unhappy relationship with money Essay1765 Words   |  8 PagesConsumers are then using their new found credit to buy without even thinking of how they will pay for the products. They get the credit cards because of the appealingly low 5.9% introductory rate and go for it, but the credit card companies usually run those rates up to 18% or more in the first six months before the consumer pays off the purchase, (Insight into the News IIN, 1997). This in turn leads consumers into over extending themselves. Although 96% of all consumers are using credit cards responsiblyRead MoreUnderdog Branding and Its Consumer Appeal4104 Words   |  17 PagesDisadvantage and Determination through Brand Biography, details her joint research about the trend and its implications for brand management. Keinan, an assistant professor in the Marketing Unit at Harvard Business School whose research on consumer behavior has been published in leading marketing and psychology journals , coauthored the article with Neeru Paharia, Jill Avery, and Juliet B. Schor. 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On one hand consumer want to upgrade the status symbol and standard of living by copying from west and other countries, on the contrary there are also few

What Do You Think About the View That There Are No Women in The Great Gatsby With Whom the Reader Can Sympathize Free Essays

Sympathy is defined as having feelings of sorrow for someone else’s misfortune. In a novel, sympathizing in a character allows the reader to relate to them. In Fitzgerald’s â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, there is no female character with whom we can sympathize. We will write a custom essay sample on What Do You Think About the View That There Are No Women in The Great Gatsby With Whom the Reader Can Sympathize? or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, at various points within the novel we do offer our brief condolences to each character. Throughout the novel Daisy Buchanan appears enigmatic to the reader: why is she in a loveless relationship? Why did she leave Gatsby hanging on a thread? Many conclude that the ultimate chapters prove to us in many ways that she is incapable of loving. Shown by her choice to stay with Tom for his wealth and security; rather than choosing Gatsby, for she was â€Å"appalled by its raw vigour that chaffed†. She looks down on the vulgar nature of people that try and buy their way into the upper class as he has done. However, it is feasible to suggest that she chose Tom; after all he didn’t build his empire selling illegal alcohol like Gatsby. In addition, it is possible to argue that being in an unhappy marriage – shown by her reaction to Tom speaking to his mistress over dinner – is a liable reason to which we can feel empathy for her. Despite all of this, however, it is apparent throughout the novel that she is materialistic, promiscuous and immoral. As soon as Tom leaves she â€Å"kiss[es] him on the mouth† she is not only betraying Tom, but she acts â€Å"careless[ly]† with Gatsby’s emotions. He is a character in which the reader can sympathize – meaning she is hated. Ultimately, she chooses to run away with Tom, this is her last act that convinces we, as the reader, to deplore her. Jordan is an equally difficult character to whom we can sympathize; however, for different reasons. There is only really one instance in the novel that contrasts this view, and that’s when Jordan had â€Å"met another bad driver† in Nick. This does make her emotionally accessible to us; we can feel pity for her. However, this is overshadowed by her compulsive ability to lie. Apparently, she does not â€Å"give a damn† about the end of her and Nick’s relationship; an obvious lie, yet it implies that she will move on soon enough. We will never know if she actually met someone else during her and Nick’s meeting, yet it is unlikely, as she is a neurotic fabricator. Adding to this, we notice that Jordan is a highly destructive and careless character, rather like Daisy. She casually mentions to Nick that she â€Å"left a borrowed car out in the rain, and then lied about it† She is being careless with other peoples property, lying about it to ensure she is not affected by any repercussions†. It is apparent he that Jordan does not, as a whole, evoke sympathy with us. Myrtle does not draw any sympathy from the reader at a first glance. She is the lower-class mistress to Tom. She is a poor representation of the 1920’s woman as she carries â€Å"her surplus flesh sensuously†, meaning she is rather provocative, it is also the only compliment she receives in the book, inferring Tom’s only use for her is sex; not a particularly good role model for women. She is somewhat comparable to Daisy in that her only care is money and materialism, she wants to escape the upper class, and Tom is her refuge. Her â€Å"tremendous vitality† should aid her in this. However, we can sympathize with â€Å"Myrtle Wilson† when she fulfils her â€Å"tragic achievement†. This refers to her death, all she ever wanted to do was to escape her class and accomplish her American dream, but Nick morbidly realizes that the only way she ever would is through death. Much like Gatsby, her dream is forever doomed. Myrtle, in my opinion is a character with we can sympathize the most; her tragic story is rather like Gatsby’s. In that she had an unachievable, completely unattainable dream in her sight, but it was never to be – a doomed dream. I believe all the female characters in â€Å"The Great Gatsby† have characteristics that make us, as the reader to both love and despise them at the same time. Fitzgerald has portrayed them as merely humans with certain traits and bad decisions that moulds them into who they are. All three of these women are accessible to the reader, whilst at the same time completely detached and despised. I believe that the view in question is different for every reader, as they can make their informed opinion on each of these women. As for me, I do feel sympathy for them, but only to a certain extent. How to cite What Do You Think About the View That There Are No Women in The Great Gatsby With Whom the Reader Can Sympathize?, Papers

Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australians - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australians for Education. Answer: Introduction Over the past years, the gap between the indigenous and non-indigenous communities in Australia has been widening significantly. By and large, studies indicate that indigenous Australians are significantly disadvantaged as compared to the non-indigenous populace (Koziol, 2016). Currently, the main areas of concern with the highest gaps include education, training and health (ABS, 2011). Research shows that indigenous Australians have generally low education levels as well as health outcomes (Gordon Hunter, 2016). For this reason, the Australian government has taken a keen interest on the issue and is working towards the narrowing and closing of the existing gaps between the indigenous and non-indigenous communities in the country. Importance of Closing the Gaps in Australia Narrowing the gap between the two communities would not only be beneficial locally for indigenous people but will also be vastly beneficial nationally with regard to economic and social improvements (Gooda Huggins, 2016). One major importance of narrowing the health disparity between the indigenous and non-indigenous communities is to ensure health equality among the people of Australia. It is worth pointing out that poor health among the Aboriginal people is very evident. A 2008-2012 study indicates that the infant mortality rate among the indigenous population was almost double that of the non-indigenous communities (Australians Together, n.d.). Generally, the report suggests that native communities have a lower life expectancy than the non-indigenous population (ABS, 2011). Further statistics reveal that native communities suffer from higher death rates than the non-native ones for all major causes of death (Australians Together, n.d.). What is more, the study reveals that the in digenous people have higher chances of suffering from mental health, suicidal cases and self harm (Little, 2016). For this reason, closing the gap will help reduce the disparity between the two Australian communities. In turn, it will create a situation of health equality whereby both the non-indigenous and native Australians have a high life expectancy rates, low infant mortality rates as well as long term health and well being. It would result in a healthy Australian population with generally high life expectancy levels and wellbeing. In the same way, it is important for the government to close the education and training gap between the two groups in the country in order to achieve social and economic progress at the national level. According to the western Australian Aboriginal Child Health Survey, education is a vital means through which individuals can achieve their full potential (Krishnan, 2015). Notably, possessing a good education can significantly influence an individuals job prospects. In addition, it acts as a booster and elevator in support of a persons cultural and economic life. Furthermore, educational attainment and participation in education is a life changing factor that positively influences the social well being for all Australians. Unfortunately, statistics indicate that the indigenous population is characterized by lower levels of education as compared to the non-indigenous Australians. As a result, there is a large disparity between non-indigenous and indigenous education and training in the country. In effect, the level of unemployment among the indigenous population is significantly higher compared to the non-native populace. As at 2012, the level of unemployment among the indigenous people was approximately five times higher than that of other Australians. Mainly, this can be attributed to their low levels of education and training, making it difficult to secure decent employment opportunities within the country. In this regard, it is vital for the Australian government to close the education and training gap between the two group communities to ensure uniformity and equality in employment. Evidence and Implications of Closing the Gap It is worth pointing out that equality in health, education and training opportunities is a path towards an overall improvement in the social and economic welfare of the Australian economy. According to economic theory, there is a significant correlation between the health status, education and training of the population, and the economic prosperity of any economy (Australian Government, 2011). Likewise, educational attainment is viewed as being collated with a number of indicators of social wellbeing (Australian Government, 2011). For this reason, raising the health status and education level of the non-indigenous Australians will significantly boost the performance of the Australian economy. To achieve this goal, the government, through the Close the Gap Campaign has set up various measures to ensure the improvement of health outcomes among the indigenous Australian people. Mainly, it has set measures to improve the access to, and delivery of, effective primary healthcare to these communities (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2017). Today, it is working towards enhancing community primary healthcare services (Australian Government, 2008). It has increased its funding to these aboriginal communities in order to increase the number of health facilities within their reach. Furthermore, the government has ensured an increase in the level of health training and awareness to improve the health outcomes of individuals in indigenous communities. As noted earlier, education is significantly correlated to the improvement of a communitys wellness. Theories also suggest that human capital advancement through education is fundamental to economic development. Therefore, the government has focused on improving the access and delivery of education and training to the indigenous population in the country. Currently, it is working towards a responsive schooling that stresses on student literacy and numeracy achievements. It has also invested in transition mechanisms from schooling and into work through post school education and training. In turn, this is expected to improve the social and economic standards of the indigenous Australian, thereby significantly narrowing the gap between them and the non-aboriginal population. Conclusion All in all, all things considered, the indigenous Australian population is significantly disadvantaged as compared to the non-indigenous people. Mainly, the aboriginal communities suffer from poor health outcomes, low education and training. With respect to health outcomes, they face challenges such as low life expectancy, high infant mortality and significantly high death rates. On the other hand, with regard to education, they are characterized by low education which acts as a disadvantage in finding employment opportunities. In turn, this has rendered them both socially and economically inferior to the non-indigenous communities in the country. For this reason, the government has initiated mechanism that works towards the closing of the gap between the aboriginal populace and non-indigenous communities in the country. Mainly, one attributes the governments move to economic theory which suggests that there is a positive relationship between a healthy and educated population and the social and economic status of a nation. In turn, the success of these measures will have the implication of improving the overall well-being of the people of Australia in both indigenous and non-indigenous communities. References Close the Gap: Indigenous Health Campaign. (2017). Australian Human Rights Commission. Retrieved on 12 Nov. 2017, from https://www.humanrights.gov.au/our-work/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-social-justice/projects/close-gap-indigenous-health. Education and Indigenous Wellbeing. (2011). Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved on 12 Nov. 2017, from https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4102.0Main+Features50Mar+2011 First Steps in Closing the Gap. (2008). Australians Government. Retrieved on 12 Nov. 2017, from https://www.budget.gov.au/2008-09/content/ministerial_statements/html/indigenous-03.htm Gooda, M., Huggins, J. (2016). Our national shame: Closing the gap for Indigenous Australians is more important than. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved on 12 Nov. 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/comment/our-national-shame-closing-the-gap-for-indigenous-australians-is-more-important-than-ever-20160316-gnkquf.html. Gordon, M., Hunter, F. (2016). Australia failing to close the gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved on 12 Nov. 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/australia-failing-to-close-the-gap-between-indigenous-and-nonindigenous-people-20160209-gmq15x.html. Koziol, M. (2016). The real gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous health in Australia: it's worse than you think. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved on 12 Nov. 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/the-real-gap-between-indigenous-and-nonindigenous-health-in-australia-its-worse-than-you-think-20160925-groai2.html Krishnan, S. (2015). Closing the gap in Indigenous Education. SAP. Retrieved on 12 Nov. 2017, from https://blogs.sap.com/2015/10/15/closing-the-gap-in-indigenous-education/ Liittle, J. (2016). Closing the gap on Indigenous mental health. Sane Australia. Retrieved on 12 Nov. 2017, from https://www.sane.org/the-sane-blog/wellbeing/closing-the-gap-on-indigenous-mental-health. The Gap: Indigenous Disadvantage in Australia. Australians Together. Retrieved on 12 Nov. 2017, from https://australianstogether.org.au/stories/detail/the-gap-indigenous-disadvantage-in-australia

Are we alone (aliens) essays

Are we alone (aliens) essays Yes extraterrestrial life exists. We arent alone, but what do we really mean by asking are we alone? Are we alone in this earth, or in this universe. The only data point that scientist have acquired is that if life emerges in a planetary environment it shall be in our own earth and no other. Life exists everywhere, even in our own earth there is still many places that havent been discovered. There has been many forged videos who try to imply the existence of extraterrestrial life and at the same time trying to prove the existence of UFO s . Through out many years, scientist have been trying to search with microscopes to see if their lens can reach those others worlds they have hope in knowing about. Extraterrestrial life refers to life that might exist beyond the Earths biosphere, on planets in our own solar system or around other stars. For most of this history, life has meant intelligence, and the hopes for scientist of obtaining actual data in its existence is not that great. When talking and asking questions about extraterrestrial life, most likely it becomes a debate within everybody because there is no real facts or information that can prove any of the things we say truth. Although life can exists none of the planets that we know have the supplements they need to keep life in it. As far as we know, ours is the only planet with oxygen, sulfuric-acid, and other chemicals that developed what now is life and intelligence in Earth. The search for extraterrestrial intelligence, undertaken at several observatories around the world, was the ultimate development in the long history of the extraterrestrial-life debate. In the history of science and culture, the extraterrestrial-life debate is perhaps the best seen as a fundamental shift in word view from the psychical world to the biological universe. While most of the history of science has attempted to demonstrate the role of ...

Marine Herbivores

Marine Herbivores An herbivore is an organism that feeds on plants. These organisms are referred to as herbivorous. An example of a marine herbivore is the manatee. The opposite of an herbivore is a carnivore or meat-eater. Origin of the Term Herbivore The word herbivorous comes from the Latin word herba (a plant) and vorare (devour, swallow), meaning plant-eating. Size Matters Many marine herbivores are small because only a few organisms are adapted well enough to eat phytoplankton, which provides the bulk of the plants in the ocean. Terrestrial herbivores tend to be larger since most of the terrestrial plants are large and can sustain a large herbivore. Two exceptions are manatees and dugongs, large marine mammals who survive primarily on aquatic plants. However, they live in relatively shallow areas, where light is not limited and plants can grow larger.   Advantages and Disadvantages of Being An Herbivore Plants such as phytoplankton are relatively abundant in ocean areas with access to sunlight, such as shallow waters, at the surface of the open ocean, and along the coast. So an advantage of being an herbivore is that food is pretty easy to find. Once it is found, it cant escape like a live animal could. On the disadvantage side, plants are more difficult to digest and more may be needed to provide adequate energy for the herbivore.    Examples of Marine Herbivores Many marine animals are omnivores or carnivores. But there are some marine herbivores that are wells of marine herbivores in various animal groups are listed below. Herbivorous Marine Reptiles: Green sea turtle (who are named for their green fat, which is green because of their plant-based diet)Marine iguanas Herbivorous Marine Mammals: Manatees, as already mentioned above.Dugongs Herbivorous Fish Many tropical reef fish are herbivores. Examples include:   ParrotfishAngelfishTangsBlennies These coral reef herbivores are important to maintaining a healthy balance in a reef ecosystem. Algae can dominate and smother a reef if herbivorous fish arent present to help balance things out by grazing on the algae.  Fish can break down the algae using a gizzard-like stomach, chemicals in their stomach and intestinal microbes. Herbivorous Invertebrates Some gastropods, such as limpets, periwinkles  (e.g., the common periwinkle), and queen conchs. Herbivorous Plankton Some zooplankton species Herbivores and Trophic Levels Trophic levels are the levels at which animals feed. Within these levels, there are producers (autotrophs) and consumers (heterotrophs).   Autotrophs make their own food, while heterotrophs eat autotrophs or other heterotrophs. In a food chain or food pyramid, the first trophic level belongs to the autotrophs. Examples of autotrophs in the marine environment are marine algae and seagrasses. These organisms make their own food during photosynthesis, which uses energy from the sunlight. Herbivores are found at the second level. These are heterotrophs because they eat the producers. After herbivores, carnivores and omnivores are at the next trophic level, since carnivores eat herbivores, and omnivores eat both herbivores and producers. References and Further Information Cornell University. Herbivory in Fish. Accessed October 31, 2015.Harper, D. Herbivorous.  Online Etymology Dictionary. Accessed October 1, 2015.National Geographic.  Autotroph.  Accessed September 29, 2015.Map of Life. Gut fermentation in herbivorous animals. Accessed October 31, 2015.Morrissey, J.F. and J.L. Sumich. 2012. Introduction to the Biology of Marine Life. Jones Bartlett Learning. 466pp.

Elements of Corporate strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Elements of Corporate strategy - Essay Example Currnt ppr dls with th qustion of orgniztionl mission nd dfins it s n importnt tool for shping businss objctivs nd sing th prioritis, strtgis nd plns of compny. mission sttmnt is n orgniztion's vision trnsltd into writtn form. It mks concrt th ldr's viw of th dirction nd purpos of th orgniztion. For mny corport ldrs it is vitl lmnt in ny ttmpt to motivt mploys nd to giv thm sns of prioritis. Mission of n orgniztion is succinct nd inspiring sttmnt of wht th orgniztion intnds to bcom nd to chiv t som point in th futur, oftn sttd in comptitiv trms. Mission rfrs to th ctgory of intntions tht r brod, ll-intrusiv nd forwrd-thinking. It is th img tht businss must hv of its gols bfor it sts out to rch thm. It dscribs spirtions for th futur, without spcifying th mns tht will b usd to chiv thos dsird nds. Th corport succss dpnds on th mission rticultd by th chif xcutiv or th top mngmnt. For mission to hv ny impct of th mploys of n orgniztion it hs to b convyd in drmtic nd nduring wy. Th most ffctiv missions r thos tht inspir, usully sking mploys for th bst, th most or th grtst (Cmpbll, Twdy, 2000:15). Givn th cclrting rt of chng w r xprincing in our fmilis, our orgniztions, nd our communitis, w cnnot fford to wit for chng to com to us tomorrow. Using visioning, w cn gnrt th futur tody. Visioning nd stting up mission involvs ths four ky stps, with thir cntrl qustions: 1. Mission sttmnt. This nswrs th most fundmntl qustion: Why do w xist Mission sttmnts dfin public orgniztion in trms of its xprtis nd srvics, its constitunts nd stkholdrs, its impcts nd outcoms. 2. Cor vlus. Onc dfind, ths nswr th nxt qustion: Wht do w bliv in Cor vlus rflct wht th orgniztion blivs in, wht it is committd to, nd wht it wishs to b known for. 3. vision. Th visioning procss trnslts cor vlus into ctions by nswring such qustions s: Wht do w wnt to bring bout Wht diffrnc do w wnt to mk Wht do w spir to Wht lgcy do w wish to lv bhind Unlik mission sttmnt, vision sttmnt is not bout wht locl govrnmnt dos; it is bout wht it hops to do. 4. Strtgic plnning. In this procss of dsigning bluprint to chiv th mission nd vision, its contribution is to outlin th orgniztion's gols, with th strtgis nd tctics th orgniztion will us to clos th gp btwn tody nd tomorrow. Strtgic plnning nswrs qustions such s: How do w gt thr from hr Wht do w do nxt Vision is th criticl lmnt tht givs lif, brth, nd mning to th mission sttmnt, th cor vlus, nd th strtgic pln. Visioning is procss by which community of popl coms togthr to wrstl with ths qustions. Strtgic plnning mks sns only if w r willing to sk strtgic qustions. This concption of strtgic plnning is criticl to public gncis nd govrning bodis bcus of th nd to involv th public nd numrous stkholdrs in ny plnning procss. Public officils cn us visioning s mns of furthring strtgic convrstion mong citizns nd stkholdrs bout th kind of socity nd futur thy wish to build. In so doing, officils not only crry out thir dministrtiv rsponsibilitis but lso contribut to th dmocrtic wll-bing of thir constitunts. Mission or Purpos is prcis dscription of wht n orgniztion dos. It should dscrib th businss th orgniztion is in. It is dfinition of "why" th orgniztion xists currntly. ch mmbr of n orgniztion should b bl to vrblly xprss this mission. dditionlly, ch prson nds mission for his or hr lif. Th lignmnt of lif mission with

Analysis of Mill's Idea To Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of Mill's Idea To Women - Essay Example They showed superior strength and abilities than that of women due to their physical advantages. Because of the great difference in terms of physiology, women were expected to display an acquiescent nature in society. Later on, when men had stepped in to nearly all major professions, John Stuart Mill, a nineteenth-century philosopher, endeavored to persuade others that women should be given equal rights as men. According to his article entitled Subjection of Women, Mill declares that women are willing to give of themselves in order to make an impact in the development of the society. However, in some ways, they have been dispossessed of their human rights and in other ways have been taught to be reliant on others. At present, through enduring struggle and effort for their rights, women have finally succeeded but a number of obstructions hinder them from freely practicing their rights. Although men, throughout time, subjugated women, the vision of pursuing independence has never cease d. Mill states, â€Å"a considerable number of [women] have occupied themselves practically in [†¦] their own family and household.† (827) During earlier times, women’s rights were not given great significance and it was regarded that their only duties was to take care of family or give birth. Women were limited from making decisions for their lives. Nonetheless, they continued to fight for freedom and equality, and influenced European history with two noteworthy attributes: a bete-noir to warfare and a compulsion to philanthropy (827). Even though women seemed to continually struggle being in a man’s world, their eagerness and assurance to attain inalienable rights has never been lost. In addition, Chinese women also strove for their freedom and became successful when they confronted the unjust sexism in their community. As a depiction and representation of this, Empress Wu, who was a well-known governor in history and who governed during the Tang dynasty, was able to make it into an affluent age in Chinese history. Notwithstanding the disparagement of the people who believed that ruling a country is men’s work, she did not relinquish and eventually made her reign successful. A good number of negative cases about women have presently disappeared, and many cases have provided evidence and proof that women are competent and are able to lead the world to move forward. Illustrious women such as Eleanor Roosevelt, Mother Theresa, Helen Keller, Anne Frank, Amelia Earhart, Margaret Thatcher and Oprah Winfrey have contributed, inspired and have influenced the world, to a great extent, by their own efforts. Women’s rights were eventually secured but new encumbrances occurred and prevented females from gaining independence once more. To acquire pleasures and distractions in this materialistic world, some women, particularly the ones who are attractive and beautiful, preferred to live depending on men for support and provision. Fo r the reason that some women fixed their eyes on money and social standing, a number of of them anticipated to marry rich or high-status men in order to be taken care of, to be supported with less problems in careers, to achieve higher education, or to be secured with high-salary jobs. Greed caused them to lose direction and control of their independence. At this point, the problem is no longer about the independence of women, but it is the fact that women did not make full use of their talents and abilities. People must deal with this substantial predicament and re-evaluate what abilities girls should present both in family and in social activities. Poor conduct is intolerable and it causes divergence between principles and morals of the day. Being well

International business and International Trade Coursework

International business and International Trade - Coursework Example The competition is increased globally since companies look for the best suppliers offering high quality at low prices, search for international human talents and acquire the best possible know-how in order to satisfy better their customers' needs. As a result of the above mentioned the cooperation of countries is expanded. The countries understood that may gain reciprocal advantages, they can react to problems better when they work together with other countries rather than trying to solve the problems alone. Lastly, the countries with globalization main deal with issues e.g. environmental issues that are not in their territory. 2. After summarizing the positive and negative aspects of offshoring, state whether you support or are against offshoring and why. Include any experiences you or someone you know has had in which offshoring is affected. "improvements in technology will have as a result the need for fewer employees to accomplish the same task/work, particularly for the less ski lled jobs that are easiest to offshore". (Hackos, 2004). The technology improvements will help companies to reduce their costs and thus reduce prices or invest the saved money in Research and Development. As a result, companies will grow and therefore will raise their employment rate and at the same time, they will increase highly paid positions in their countries. Another positive aspect of offshoring is that the poverty level in poor countries has been decreased. This allowed them to decrease their unemployment rate and consequently, people have more income to dispose of thus imports from rich countries have been increased i.e. the decrease of the poverty level in poor countries is beneficial both for the poor and the rich countries. The negative aspects are the following: the product prices are not reduced although the production costs are diminished. Jobs are replaced and working conditions are deteriorated. Jobs in poor countries are low paid. When a country asks for more then the Multinational Companies move to somewhere else, somewhere cheaper. Countries that have benefited from offshoring are China and India whereas the rest of the other underdeveloped countries remain in poverty. According to Joseph Stiglitz, during the last yeast of the last century, the number of people living in poverty conditions has increased by 100 million.(Daniels, Radebaugh & Sullivan, 2007) A personal experience that I have is a person I know in Greece. He had been working for the local cotton industry which was blooming in the country fifteen years ago producing excellent cotton.  

Theology Essays Familiaris Consortio

Theology Essays Familiaris Consortio In 1981, as a result of a Synod of Bishops specially devoted to further awareness of the (then) current understanding of marriage and the Christian family in the modern world, Pope John Paul II promulgated an apostolic exhortation entitled FamiliarisConsortio (On the family). The well-known biographer of John Paul II, George Weigel, claims that in private conversations held with the holy father he came to learn that the pope regarded Familiaris Consortio as one of his favorite letters he had ever written as pope to the family of God (Witness to Hope, 385). The document is a wide-ranging and broad one in terms of the sheer breadth of the content covered therein, and it is therefore hardly any wonder that a prominent Catholic encyclopedia should say of the apostolic exhortation that it is one of the most important sources for the theological meaning of the sacrament of Marriage (Stravinskas, Catholic Encyclopedia, 628). Many writers who have taken this exhortation as their springingpoint to launch into various issues, which are ancillary to marriage per se,have nevertheless been able to employ specific portions of FamiliarisConsortio, owing to its vastness of content. What we will focus on in thefollowing pages is a kind of reception of the document by Catholics (whetherclergy or laypeople) and its teachings over the more than two decades since itspromulgation. There are certainly areas of overlap among those who havecommented on the document, and these ought to be paid attention to in coming toan understanding of an authentically Roman Catholic awareness of the variousaspects of married life among Christians. Opening Observations Made in Familiaris Consortio Sectionone of the document expressly opens up the contents and applications of thedocument to a broad audience. It is written for (1) those living in fidelity tothe Churchs extant teachings and practices in the area of matrimony, (2) thosewho have become bewildered by the contemporary challenges encroaching upon thefamily, and even to (3) those who live in unjust unawareness of the freedom andhuman rights guaranteed to them to have all the fullness that marriage mightoffer. In other words, the intended audience of the document is anintrinsically ecumenical one. It is not merely addressing Catholics in goodstanding with the Church, but the holy father reaches his hand out to assisteveryone struggling with the sundry difficulties in contemporary married life.This is significant, since most prior documents, whether Casti Connubiiof Pope Pius XI, Humanae Vitae of Pope Paul VI, or even documents of theSecond Vatican Council, the intended audience has been, if not exclusively,certainly mai nly Catholics. PopeJohn Paul II notes in section six of the exhortation that the situation ofmarriage and the family in contemporary life is an ironic one in the sense thatthere are both commendable advances being made in Western culture and enormoussetbacks. It is not so simple a situation as to claim that Western culture isdoing nothing other than attacking and hindering the family and married life.Some of the good understandings reached by the contemporary Western world arethe following: an appreciation of human freedom for both sexes, a promotion ofeducation and love for children, and a promotion of the dignity of women andresponsible procreation. However, some of the setbacks against the familyshould also be noted. They include the following: the respective freedom of thespouses has been carried to an extreme sense of autonomy, the misconstructionof authority and the handing on of values with respect to the relation ofparents to their children, and the ongoing scourges of abortion, growingdivo rce rates, sterilization, and an overall contraceptive mentality. It is forthese reasons and many others besides that the Synod of Bishops met and wishedPope John Paul II to be the primary spokesperson for their conclusions reached.Everything is not well for the contemporary family, and Pope John Paul IIreasons that the family is not merely a part of an overall society(rather, it is the very foundation of all society, as we shall explore later),any attacks on its welfare must not go unanswered. Social injustices toward thefamily must be dealt with directly, and this is a primary reason for theappearance of Familiaris Consortio. Building on Prior Teaching for Fundamental Precepts Prior to the appearance of this apostolic exhortation, there hadappeared two very important documents on the nature of marriage and the family.They were the encyclical letter Humanae Vitae and an authoritativedocument coming out of the Vatican II Church Council called Lumen Gentium.Pope John Paul II, as all popes throughout history have done, takes the priorteaching on marriage and the family (especially that seen in the twentiethcentury) as his starting points on which to build. He references several timesthroughout his apostolic exhortation the encyclical Humanae Vitae (HV),especially when the content of his teaching has to do with the most explicitportions of HV on the conjugal act and contraception. Freedom Versus Autonomy There appears in this succinct encyclical Humanae Vitae a veryprofound line, which undoubtedly could be expounded upon. In section 21 of theencyclical, Pope Paul VI declares that selfishness is the enemy of true love. This recalls an earlier pointmade in our essay. John Paul II notes the dangerous tendency of contemporaryspouses to exemplify an isolationist and autonomous attitude in marriage (FC,6). In fact, for the problems listed above which are antithetical to marriageand family life, the Pope believes there is one problem most fundamentally thecause of the others. He writes, At the root of these negative phenomena therefrequently lies a corruption of the idea and the experience of freedom,conceived not as a capacity for realizing the truth of Gods plan for marriageand the family, but as an autonomous power of self-affirmation, often againstothers, for ones own selfish well-being. And if selfishness is thought to bethe enemy of true love, then any spouse acting almost exclusively in his ownself-interest is destructive toward the very bond of his marriage to hisspouse, which bond is love itself. There is an interesting irony involved in selfish individualismversus a flourishing and mutually reciprocating action of love toward anotheroutside of oneself. Whereas one would suppose that, as is often franklyadmitted, couples will tend to not want to marry because they simply want tocontinue enjoying the other person in the relationship without giving over to aserious commitment (Cf. Barbara Markey, Cohabitation: Response over Reaction).Or, further than this, some married couples will either put off childrenindefinitely or decide to not have them at all for the expressed purpose ofwishing to sexually enjoy the spouse in an uninhibited manner. The strangeconsequence though, as Pope Paul VI noted in Humanae Vitae, is that thiseventually leads to becoming overly self-centered sexually, which eventuates inman (or woman) coming to see the other as a mere instrument of selfishenjoyment and no longer as the desired companion for life (HV, 17). Cardinal Alfonso Lopez Trujillo notes that the having of a family ina natural and ordered way (such as the Church teaches couple to do) does leadto the exact opposite of selfishness and isolationism in a marriagerelationship. And this is a necessary consequence (as in, it is intrinsic innature itself) of having children. Cardinal Trujillo offers some examples thatit is the nature of family to be other-centered in even the simplest ways. Henotes, Everyone has to help everyone else in thefamily, (FC and the Family, 3). It is simply a matter of beingpractically impossible to be rapped up in oneself in the context of a familywith numerous children. The older children will have to help the younger onesat times (e.g., to put on their shoes before they go outside), and the adultswill constantly have to help all of the children to grow into responsibleadults. It is simply intrinsic to the nature of having a family that one growsto be concerned with the well-being and interests of others arou nd. In these comments by Cardinal Trujillo there isan explication of the fundamental doctrines expressed in sections 42-43 of Familiaris.In these sections, Pope John Paul II notes that the daily life of a good familyis characterized by sharing and deep communion. The community of a family isthe very answer needed to thwart selfish isolationism. This type ofother-centered communion is seen in various aspects of which the Cardinal haselaborated. For example, the family is guided by an overriding principle offree giving, and this free giving takes the form ofheartfelt acceptance, encounter and dialogue, disinterested availability,generous service and deep solidarity (FC, 43). Children helping youngerchildren whenever there arises a need for such help is a ready example ofdisinterested availability. The older child helps the younger not because he isgaining something for it, but rather because when a child needs help,especially your own sibling, you simply help that child. This also fosters arecognition of the intrinsic value in each individual human being. Love and Life the Very Foundation of Marriage and Family In his recent speech Cardinal Alfonso Trujillo agreed with Pope JohnPaul II in seeing the family as that which forms societies. According tothe Pope, the family is societys foundation, which continually bolsterssociety by being its continual giver of life (FC, 42). Cardinal Trujillonotes that this thinking is in opposition to current worldly sentiment mostreadily embodied by the United Nations in their recent conferences. The generalattitude expressed in these U.N. conferences has been to think that societiesare simply collections of individuals (Familiaris Consortio and theFamily, 3). But, nature seems to argue against this mistaken idea. Societiesare not the ones producing and nurturing and giving the individuals to thesociety. These duties are fulfilled by families, and the individuals producedusually repeat this fundamental cycle of nature by creating their own familiesand producing and nurturing their own offspring. Underlying the teaching of the family as the ultimate antidote toisolationism, are the two most fundamental realities of marriage: love andlife. The two are hardly mutually exclusive, reasons John Paul II. On thecontrary, conjugal love expressed as it out to be expressed according to thenature of man tends toward the creation of life. Procreation is a naturalfruit of the conjugal act, according to Humanae Vitae. Many thinkerssince have latched on to this fundamental Catholic point, including John PaulII in this exhortation. According to Catholic teaching, man is a hylomorphicunity. That is, he is composed of matter and form, which for man correspond tothe body and soul, which are fundamentally united. That is, what it is to bea human is to be a soul-body unity (FC, 11). But, man is also created inthe image and likeness of God, who is love. It follows that Love is thereforethe fundamental and innate vocation of every human being, (11). In marriage,the love that man longs to express is done so most fundamentally in conjugallove, the mutual and complete self-giving of a man and a woman. So sexualitycould never be seen, on this understanding as something purely physical, norpurely psychological either. It is the whole human who engages in the sexualact, so the act itself is intrinsically physical and spiritual. This is how onecommunicates his or her love for another, by the mutual self-giving in theconjugal act. However, love is not the only principle intrinsic to conjugal acts.This fact is easily demonstrable by noting that birth control contraceptionamounts to little more than artificial means of birth prevention. But since itis ever thought that this or that birth is needing to be prevented, it must bethe case that there is a natural product of conjugal love. So, Donald Ascireasons, this is the other aspect of Pope John Paul IIs theology of theconjugal act. The body by its very nature in sexuality is fecund it is opento fertility (The Conjugal Act as a Personal Act, 138). Totalunion occurs with the giving of ones body and all of its finalities. In maleclimax, a finality is the releasing of semen, in which is contained thepossibility of forming a new human life (if united with the gift of thewoman-the ovum). There is a principle of totality inherent in this reasoning -the giving of ones total self his spiritual, physical and (innatelycontained within the physical) his fecundity. But, if by some various means the conjugal act is not completedaccording to its intrinsic order something like a contradiction takes place,according to Christopher West who cites section 32 of Familiaris Consortio.West argues that one cannot possibly hold that he gives his entire self to theother if at the most important (i.e., climactic) moment of intercourse thevery moment when the unity between the two ought to be felt most of all onewithdraws him or herself from the union. Fecund is what adults are bynature. Therefore, when one does such a thing as what West describes, he isengaging in a type of lie a serious contradictory statement which says, Igive you all of myself except my fertility. I receive all that you are exceptyour fertility, (Good News about Sex and Marriage, 108). Thus, as JohnPaul II reasons in this section of FC cited by West, the innatelanguage of the total and mutual self-giving inherent in the conjugal actbecomes overlaid with a contradictory idea when man ac ting as the ultimatearbiter of his own being and sexuality decides in a moment to nottotally give of his self (since his whole self includes, as Asci has shownabove, his fecundity as well). The Essential Tension of Becoming What You Are The discussion thus far leads naturally to what many later came tosee as a profound and highly important teaching of Familiaris Consortio:Families, you are to become what you are! This passage so often quoted runsthus, The family findsin the plan of God the Creator and Redeemer not only its identity, what it is,but also its mission, what it can and should do. The role that God calls thefamily to perform in history derives from what the family is: its rolerepresents the dynamic and existential development of what it is. Each familyfinds within itself a summons that cannot be ignored and that specifies bothits dignity and responsibility: family, become what you are (FamiliarisConsortio, 17). Of course, such anexhortation is paradoxical at first blush. As David Michael Thomas remarksconcerning this papal principle, This pope is a complex blend of realism andidealism. The tension between the two is not relaxed for a minute (Pope JohnPaul IIs Advice for Families, 7). And Cardinal Trujillo asks, how cansomething become what it is? (7) More specifically, how does a family becomewhat it already is? Donald Asci has some insight to share on this front. It isessentially a cart-and-horse dilemma. It is not always easy, in terms ofaction, to identify which is the horse that is pulling the cart. The family hasa nature, and it is given this by God. However, it also has a mission, which isalso given by God. These are two dimensions of the same reality: namely, the family(Asci, 126). The family has a static nature, but it also has a dynamic mission,which is to be realized. But the mission is never realized without an alreadyextant family, which has the necessary nature to realize the mission. Nofamily; no mission. However, part of the mission is the having, nurturing, andpromulgating of good families. No fulfillment of mission; no families. It is ascenario of interrelation and reciprocation. Each gives rise to the other. Ecclesia Domestica A phrase that first appeared in recent times in the Second VaticanCouncil document Lumen Gentium with reference to the nature of thefamily was that of ecclesia domestica (the domestic church). As DavidMichael Thomas notes, the Council got this phrase from the writings of theChurch fathers, and rightly so since from the very beginnings of the Church ithas always been comprised of those who wished to convert together with all[their] household, as the official Catechism of the Catholic Church states onthis matter (413). The metaphor to describe this in the Catechism is that thefamilies of converts were as little islands of Christianity lived out in apagan world. Leon Suprenant offers the biblical metaphor of the body of Christ(which is the Church, according to St. Paul) being comprised of the littlecells of families. Furthermore, for those Catholics living in fidelity to theteachings of the Church and having children as the natural result of conjugallove, they have as their primary resp onsibility the education and formation ofthese children according to the Gospel of Christ (The Real Presence of theMarriage Bond, 253). Surely, individual parishes in union with the Holy See ofthe Catholic Church contribute to the education and formation of children, butthis is primarily to be done in the home which is one of the qualities thatmake it the domestic church. In continuity with all this, Pope John Paul II in FamiliarisConsortio employs the phrase with some frequency and further elaboration. Itis a result of parents begetting in love and for love that they procreate newoffspring, for which they in turn take the responsibility of educating thesenew beings who stand in potential of great growth and development (FC,36). It is their duty, but more to the point of love, it is their solemnprivilege to be able to take the sacred product (i.e., their own child) oftheir mutual love for each other and see its development through to completion.In this way, the parents fulfill their own duty and honor to be the firstevangelizers of their own children in teaching them of the love of Christ. Concluding Thoughts As wasstated at the outset of this brief essay, the apostolic exhortation FamiliarisConsortio is a document rich in depth and broad in the topics to which itextends its teaching. However, we have only tried here to give what seem to besome of the most important and widely commented on portions of the text. Itcertainly seems to have had a welcome reception by many of the most well-knowncontemporary Catholic writers on marriage and the family. It also appears tohave filled a void that existed to some extent in the wake of Catholic teachingon conjugal love and marriage prior to the pontificate of Pope John Paul II.One can reasonably expect that future pontificates will continue to focus onthe theology of the body so ably developed by Pope John Paul II in FamiliarisConsortio. Bibliography Asci, Donald P. The Conjugal Act as aPersonal Act: A Study of the Catholic Concept of the ConjugalAct in the Light of Christian Anthropology. SanFrancisco: Ignatius Press, 2002. Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2d ed. Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1997. John Paul II, Pope. The Theology of theBody: Human Love in the Divine Plan. Boston, Pauline Booksand Media, 1997. Familiaris Consortio.Vatican Translation. Boston: St. Paul Books, 1982. Markey, Barbara. Cohabitation: Responseover Reaction. The Priest, November, 2000, 19-24. Availableonline from Catholic Culture. Thisencyclical in its entirety is contained within a work listed in ourbibliography. The Theology of the Body, which is a compilation ofvarious teachings of Pope John Paul II on marriage and conjugal love, has HumanaeVitae as its first appendix. The reader may freely find the encyclical hereand many places elsewhere (including the Vaticans official website).

Immigrants Escaping from Poverty :: Immigration Illegal Essays Papers

For a long time, illegal immigrants have been entering the United States, and it has been a big issue concerning the world today. Hispanics today form the fastest growing ethnic minority in the United States. An example of how many illegal immigrants migrate to the U.S. is found in the book Voyages by Cathy Small; she explains that many Tongan immigrants migrated in the year 1976. Out of 1,993 Tongan’s, Olunga had grown approximately 2%, so by all means that at least 40% of its population had migrated between the years 1956 and 1976. By 1970 the inhabitants’ population growth was already dropping. This means that there were 200 people less than the past years. Many immigrants want to migrate to the United States to gain a better life for their families, for economic opportunity, and to escape political persecution. Many immigrants are working illegally and the government is not aware of how many of them are actually getting away with it, and others of course are being detained and isolated from their work force. Now so many illegal immigrants are being evicted easily from their work force or even from off the streets. In the book Disposable Domestics, Grace Chang explains that there had been sixty law enforcement agents from Virginia’s sheriff’s office who joined the federal agents. They were joined together by the Immigration and Naturalization Service to rummage around a construction site where workers were building a court jail. Later, agents had gathered one hundred employees together in an array against the wall, searching for undocumented employees. Soon after the whole fiasco, a deputy secretary of Virginia Healt h and Human Resources department was informed that fourteen people were detained and removed from their work force for not having documents. Grace Chang also discusses a case of a nominee for United States Attorney general. Zoà « Baird admitted that she employed two undocumented Peruvian immigrants. We also learn that employers hire illegal immigrants for the benefit of saving money. If employers wanted legal workers they would be able to get them, but it would cost them more. Putting some thought in this subject, illegal immigrants have some of the hardest jobs, that require so much labor, and don’t get paid as well, while a legal person would think it is not worth getting exhausted over.

The Royal Wedding

â€Å"It's a great moment for Britain, a moment when everyone is celebrating and it's being watched round the world where people will see lots of things they love about Britain† David Cameron said. Catherine Middleton went into Westminster Abbey at 11am and came out an hour later, holding the hand of the second in line to the throne as her Royal Highness the Duchess of Cambridge. At the moment of their wedding, the Queen gave a title to Prince William as Prince William of Wales. The couple couldn’t stop smiling at each other. Later, appearing on the balcony at Buckingham Palace to give each other the required kiss to please the watching crowd and the 2 billion watchers at home (Photo in top). There was another surprise as the William and Catherine appeared later in his dad Charles 40 year old Aston Martin. It was a grey but bright day in central London. No sign during the morning of the showers that had threatened to break the month's good weather there was an estimate that up to a million people had congregated, half of them in the Mall. In the only slight sign of trouble, a small group of protesters had gathered in Soho Square but were caught up without getting near. Overnight several protesters had camped outside the Abbey and along the edge of St James Park. From early morning thousands came in with parents carrying picnic bags and backpacks and children with flags and painted faces and even party costumes. Families had all come together and many elders and young people had arrived they were many tourists.

Naval Battle of Guadalcanal in World War II

Naval Battle of Guadalcanal in World War II The Naval Battle of Guadalcanal was fought November 12-15, 1942, during World War II (1939-1945). Having halted the Japanese advance at the Battle of Midway in June 1942, Allied forces launched their first major offensive two months later when US Marines landed on Guadalcanal. Quickly establishing foothold on the island, they completed an airfield that the Japanese had been building. This was dubbed Henderson Field in memory Major  Lofton R. Henderson who had been killed at Midway. Critical to the islands defense, Henderson Field allowed Allied aircraft to command the seas around the Solomon Islands during the day. Tokyo Express During the fall of 1942, the Japanese made several efforts to capture Henderson Field and force the Allies from Guadalcanal. Unable to move reinforcements to the island during daylight hours due to the threat posed by Allied air attacks, they were limited to delivering troops at night using destroyers. These ships were fast enough to steam down The Slot (New George Sound), unload, and escape before Allied aircraft returned at dawn. This method of troop movement, dubbed the Tokyo Express, proved effective but precluded the delivery of heavy equipment and weapons. Additionally, Japanese warships would use the darkness to conduct bombardment missions against Henderson Field in attempts to hinder its operations. The continued use of the Tokyo Express led to several night surface engagements, such as the Battle of Cape Esperance (October 11-12, 1942) as Allied ships attempted to block the Japanese. Additionally, larger fleet engagements, like the inconclusive Battle of Santa Cruz (October 25-27, 1942), were fought as both sides sought to gain control of the waters around the Solomons. Ashore, the Japanese suffered a sharp defeat when their offensive in late October was turned back by the Allies (Battle of Henderson Field). Yamamotos Plan In November 1942, Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, commander of the Japanese Combined Fleet, prepared for a large reinforcement mission to the island with the goal of putting up to 7,000 men ashore along with their heavy equipment. Organizing two groups, Yamamoto formed a convoy of 11 slow transports and 12 destroyers under Rear Admiral Raizo Tanaka and a bombardment force under Vice Admiral Hiroaki Abe. Consisting of the battleships Hiei and Kirishima, the light cruiser Nagara, and 11 destroyers, Abes group was tasked with bombarding Henderson Field to prevent Allied aircraft from attacking Tanakas transports. Alerted to Japanese intentions, the Allies dispatched a reinforcement force (Task Force 67) to Guadalcanal. Fleets Commanders: Allied Admiral William Bull HalseyRear Admiral Daniel J. CallaghanRear Admiral Willis Lee1 carrier2 battleships5 cruisers12 destroyers Japanese Admiral Isoroku YamamotoVice Admiral Hiroaki AbeVice Admiral Nobutake Kondo2 battleships8 cruisers16 destroyers The First Battle To protect the supply ships, Rear Admirals Daniel J. Callaghan and Norman Scott were dispatched with the heavy cruisers USS San Francisco and USS Portland, the light cruisers USS Helena, USS Juneau, and USS Atlanta, as well as 8 destroyers. Nearing Guadalcanal on the night of November 12/13, Abes formation became confused after passing through a rain squall. Alerted to the Japanese approach, Callahan formed for battle and attempted to cross the Japanese T. After receiving incomplete information, Callahan issued several confusing orders from his flagship (San Francisco) causing his formation to come apart. As a result, the Allied and Japanese ships became intermingled at close range. At 1:48 AM, Abe ordered his flagship, Hiei, and a destroyer to turn on their searchlights. Illuminating Atlanta, both sides opened fire. Realizing that his ships were nearly surrounded, Callahan ordered, Odd ships fire to starboard, even ships fire to port. In the naval melee that ensued, Atlanta was put out of action and Admiral Scott killed. Fully illuminated, Hiei was mercilessly attacked by US ships which wounded Abe, killed his chief of staff, and knocked the battleship out of the fight. While taking fire, Hiei and several Japanese ships pummeled San Francisco, killing Callahan, and forcing the cruiser to retreat. Helena followed in an attempt to protect the cruiser from further harm. Portland succeeded in sinking the destroyer Akatsuki, but took a torpedo in the stern which damaged its steering. Juneau was also hit by a torpedo and forced to the leave the area. While the larger ships dueled, destroyers on both sides battled. After 40 minutes of fighting, Abe, perhaps not knowing he had achieved a tactical victory and that the way to Henderson Field was open, ordered his ships to withdraw. Further Losses The next day, the disabled Hiei was relentlessly attacked by Allied aircraft and sunk, while the wounded Juneau sank after being torpedoed by I-26. Efforts to save Atlanta also failed and the cruiser sank around 8:00 PM on November 13. In the fighting, Allied forces lost two light cruisers and four destroyers, as well as had two heavy and two light cruisers damaged. Abes losses included Hiei and two destroyers. Despite, Abes failure, Yamamoto elected to proceed with sending Tanakas transports to Guadalcanal on November 13. Allied Air Attacks To provide cover, he ordered the Vice Admiral Gunichi Mikawa 8th Fleets Cruiser Force (4 heavy cruisers, 2 light cruisers) to bombard Henderson Field. This was accomplished on the night of November 13/14, but little damage was inflicted. As Mikawa was leaving the area the next day, he was spotted by Allied aircraft and lost the heavy cruisers Kinugasa (sunk) and Maya (heavily damaged). Subsequent air attacks sank seven of Tanakas transports. The remaining four pressed on after dark. To support them, Admiral Nobutake Kondo arrived with a battleship (Kirishima), 2 heavy cruisers, 2 light cruisers, and 8 destroyers. Halsey Sends Reinforcements Having taken heavy casualties on the 13th, the overall Allied commander in the area, Admiral William Bull Halsey detached the battleships USS Washington (BB-56) and USS South Dakota (BB-57) as well as 4 destroyers from USS Enterprises (CV-6) screening force as Task Force 64 under Rear Admiral Willis Lee. Moving to defend Henderson Field and block Kondos advance, Lee arrived off Savo Island and Guadalcanal on the evening of November 14. The Second Battle Approaching Savo, Kondo dispatched a light cruiser and two destroyers to scout ahead. At 10:55 PM, Lee spotted Kondo on radar and at 11:17 PM opened fire on the Japanese scouts. This had little effect and Kondo sent forward Nagara with four destroyers. Attacking the American destroyers, this force sank two and crippled the others. Believing he had won the battle, Kondo pressed forward unaware of Lees battleships. While Washington quickly sank the destroyer Ayanami, South Dakota began to experience a series of electrical problems which limited its ability to fight. Illuminated by searchlights, South Dakota received the brunt of Kondos attack. Meanwhile, Washington stalked Kirishima before opening fire with devastating effect. Hit by over 50 shells, Kirishima was crippled and later sank. After evading several torpedo attacks, Washington attempted to lead the Japanese out of the area. Thinking the road was open for Tanaka, Kondo withdrew. Aftermath While Tanakas four transports reached Guadalcanal, they were quickly attacked by Allied aircraft the next morning, destroying most of the heavy equipment on board. The Allied success in the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal ensured that the Japanese would be unable to launch another offensive against Henderson Field. Unable to reinforce or adequately supply Guadalcanal, the Japanese Navy recommended that it be abandoned on December 12, 1942.

Cloud Computing Essays

Cloud Computing Essays Cloud Computing Essay Cloud Computing Essay Cloud Computing provided convenience to the users as it will auto download or upload the updated data for which ever computer is attach to it, example DropBox. The Cloud in Cloud Computing is a term which we usually refer to the internet as he internet and its infrastructure is so complex therefore using the word cloud is somewhat easier for anyone to understand it. Figure 2-27 Users can use a lightweight desktop or laptop to and with the use of the internet and Internet browsers they can use applications that require heavy processing. This helps users to spend less on their actual hardware, thus helping companies to save money, with a lighter configuration of their computing hardware it will lead to lesser power consume and also will help in saving the earth and saving money. 3. Real World Application 3. 1. Dropbox Figure 3-38 The Dropbox is a free service which provides users to automatically access their files, photos and videos anywhere. Dropbox will automatically save the file from the users computer, mobile or even the dropbox website, and dropbox will sync with all the devices that it connected to it and download the files. So all the files will be the same latest update, and the user can access the files anywhere. 9 3. 2. Google Docs Figure 3410 Google launched their service to the public on 2006, this allows the public users to create, collaborate and share their documents real-timel 1 over the use Googles ervice with the requirements of Internet browser and Internet connection. No longer has the need to work by sending documents using emailed for collaboration. This allows users to work more efficiently as everything is in the Google Docs server. Docs also nas tne aDlll ty to allow users to cnoose tnelr collaDorators12 ana who can view their documents. This allows security to the author of the document before they can release the document. 13 3. 3. Microsoft Office 365 In 19 Oct 2010 Microsoft introduced the cloud based office pproduactivity tools aim to businesses improve pproduactivity. It bringing together the best of Microsoft has to ffer into the Microsoft Office 365, which has its SharePoint, Exchange, Lync and the traditional office pproduactivity tools. 4 Users will require Web Browsers and an Internet connection for them to access the Office 365. Microsoft also has retained the looks and feel of the office environment in the Figure 3 -515 this is traditional Microsoft office, which is installed in the computer system that you own. In Figure 3-616 it is the screen shot taken as the user is accessing it via the Internet browser. Figure 3-515 Figure 3-616 3. 4. AutoCAD WS Many engineers in many field use the application AutoCAD, it is an essential tool for very engineer to view the mechanical drawings, electrical drawings or even architects. As the minimum requirements for the application to work are high, so the user will require a high-end computer to use this application. The group from AutoCAD has created a cloud based AutoCAD application and with this user can use Google Chrome, Mobile Smart Phone or even the iPads or Android tablets. To view or edit the drawings this gives the engineers more efficiency and no longer the need of high-end computers Just a simple device and the Job are done. In the Figure 3-718 it is a screen shot by using a web browser which is in this case he Google Chrome and in Figure 3 -819 it is mobile and tablets using the cloud based AutoCad, it has the ability to allow offline editing, after it is connected to the internet it will sync with the cloud server so that other devices accessing it can get the copy that the user had change. 17 Figure 3-718 Figure 3-819 Future Trends I nere are many speculatlons towards tne cloud computing Tuture ana now It will impact our daily lives. There are a few speculations which I think it might be true, Cloud Computing will be a main choice for SMEs and even big corporations, as the resources will be more customizable. 0 Cloud computing will unleash innovation21 space and cost for the IT infrastructure will be cut down, as everything the company need is in the cloud, and this removes the constrain of space and cost involve to improve the IT infrastructure for the company. The Internet browser will be all you need for desktop computing in future, as cloud application will replace traditional application. The cloud computing will provide the heavy processing which the application require. 22 The closes to this claim would be Google Chrome OS that is Googles very own Operation System. 23 Summary To summaries the topic on cloud computing it has a down side to it; it will require a reliable Internet access for the users to be able to connect to the cloud applications and the other features. If this Internet access is not reliable, it would be almost impossible to fully utilize the usefulness of cloud computing.

Manuscript Introduction and Methods Sections Essay

Manuscript Introduction and Methods Sections - Essay Example Indeed, such a compound might prevent the occurrence of the withdrawal phase and dysregulation of the reinforcement mechanism that is known to be involved in compulsive smoking. Tobacco smoke contians several substances. Of them, nicotine appears to be the critical reinforcing component of tobacco smoke. A large body of evidence implicates a4b2 nAChrs in the reinforcing effects of nicotine. The initial effect of nicotine is probably to activate 42-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors located on dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area; however, it is likely that these receptors are rapidly desensitized, whereas nicotine produces a sustained effect on dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (Foll and George, 2007). Bupropion and varenicline are accepted as therapy for niocotine addiction. Bupropion can block nicotinic receptor function. varenicline however is a partial agonist or an antagonist depending on the state of activation of the a4b2 receptors. Through its intrinsic partial activation of the 42-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, varenicline may elicit a moderate and sustained increase in mesolimbic dopamine levels, which would counteract the low dopamine levels encountered in the absence of nicotine during smoking cessation attempts.

Community Reinvestment Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Community Reinvestment Act - Essay Example Bylsma (1997) included comments from interagency letter that was forwarded to him this implication: "Examiners will presume that an activity revitalizes or stabilizes a low- or moderate-income geography if the activity has been approved by the governing board of an Although the four financial regulatory agencies neither endorse nor certify particular lending or investment products, this implication keeps businesses that are applying for credit accountable to the banking institutions. Banking institutions carry a burden too and are held accountable to the community and said geography. Banks must help meet the credit needs of their communities. There are many federal regulations that the banking institutions must meet. These include, but are definitely performance tests, standards, and ratings; lending tests; investment tests; strategic planning; data collection, reporting, and disclosure; content and availability for public file, etc. Having stated this, banking institutions are being held accountable to their communities. I do not think the Community Reinvestment Act is taken seriously because there were much planning and work involved. The designation and duties of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Officer of the Comptroller of Currency, Office of Thrift Supervisors, and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (just to name of few) comprise of so much detail and responsibilities.

Software Security and its Role on Cyber Security Research Paper

Software Security and its Role on Cyber Security - Research Paper Example The number of cyber crimes is growing exceptionally on an annual basis and because of this reason; the internet is becoming more and more unsafe. The level of hacker’s intellect is growing as he or she is gathering more knowledge and information about the art and science of hacking (Xu, Hu, & Zhang, 2013). The companies on the other hand, restricted their exposure to the vast universe of internet by inventing intranet. The intranet is an infrastructure that helps an organization in creating a network within the network of networks. The private network’s identity and access is restricted to employees only. The employees have to login with a specific and unique username and their activities are strictly monitored as well. The modern technique of intranet is also not working because the hackers have devised methods that can locate and identify the networks. Once the network is located then the hackers use the information to hack the central computer and therefore, the enti re network starts to play in the hands of evil geniuses. The era of antivirus is also coming to an end. The antivirus programs are famous for providing the hackers a plain ground. The viruses are nowadays programmed to alter the binary coding of the antivirus and in this way; the protector of the system becomes its worst enemy. The hackers managed to follow the technique of Aids virus. The virus does not cause any type of illness but kill the immune system of the human body. Consequently, the viruses of other diseases move in and finish the job. The intelligent hackers eliminate the defense system of the network and then, other harmful programs move in and render the entire network inoperable. The technical staff becomes helpless in front of the multiple attacks and therefore, has to purge all data in the network (Sukwong & Kim, 2011). The modern hackers and technical teams at various data centers of the world are suspected to be engaged in a never ending battle. The war is fought l ike a game of chess and whole game-plan is based on striking and counterstriking. In most number of cases, the objective of hackers is fulfilled. The hackers always like to cause hindrance in the operationality of the network and it is fulfilled with the help of causing sufficient doubt in the minds of technical teams. The technical teams cannot afford to take any threat lightly and therefore, if they believe that the game is getting out their hands then they have to shunt the network before finding a bug. The networks are insecure and this is a common belief. The sales of antivirus programs are declining and this is the depiction of decreasing public trust on leading names in the industry of internet security. Additionally, the latest internet browsers are programmed to detect any suspicious product or webpage. All of the viruses and other harmful programs are known to come from the internet in the global village of the 21st century. The best defense is prevention and therefore, th e modern programmers have decided to put a blockade in the way of viruses by planting a smaller and efficient antivirus program within the fabric of browsers (Singh, Moshchuk, Wang, & Lee, 2010). The users are notified as soon as the suspicious activity has been detected. The browsers are designed to block the potentially harmful events from happening until and unless the user allows them to take place. In this manner, the virtually nothing can go on without the

Equality and Diversity Essay Example for Free

Equality and Diversity Essay In this assignment I will demonstrate my understanding of equality and diversity as a key approach to policy and practice within my setting. I will make reference to current legislation such as equal pay act, disability discrimination act, sex discrimination act and equality act. Other areas of discriminatory practice I will discuss are language and terminology, stereotyping and attitudes in relation to children and young people. I will explore anti discriminatory practice and diversity that is within the everyday role of the early years practitioners. I will also explore an area of my practice using my understanding of equality and diversity through an audit of provision to develop practice and outline any issues. The audit I will carry out will specifically be aimed to support children with additional needs within my setting. I will look into staffing, the environment and the funding available. Following completion of the audit I will write a report identifying any concerns and making recommendations to enhance the experiences that children with additional needs will gain from the setting. I am going to demonstrate my understanding of equality and diversity and how it affects the policy and practice in my setting. I will make reference to current legislation to support my discussion. Legislation I will refer to includes: Equality Act 2010, Human Rights Act (1998), Employment Equality Act Regulations (2003), SEN and disability Act (2001/2), Race Relations Act (1976), Sex discrimination Act (1975) and the Warnock report (2005). I will discuss areas of discrimination in early years practice like, language and terminology, prejudice and stereotypical images and attitudes in relation to children and young people. I will also explore anti discriminatory practice and the diversity in early years settings. The legislation I am going to discuss has been incorporated into my setting by using the essential information in the policies and procedures. The policies and procedures are given to all employees upon recruitment so all staff are aware of the laws and regulations they have to work to. Richardson, R (2011) it is the requirement of the public sector equality duty that equalities is a due regard for schools. Schools are required to eliminate discrimination, advance equality of opportunity and encourage good  relations. The equality act is used in the equality and diversity policy in my setting. OFSTED also look for equality in the setting looking for the progress of spiritual, moral, social and cultural development in the development of the children attending the setting. It is also important that the setting do not discriminate against the nine protected characteristics that are outlined in the equality act 2010. It is important for all children accessing the setting to have access to the curriculum which is the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS). As a setting we ensured that all the children wishes, preferences and beliefs are taken into account as children learn more effectively when they feel safe and secure. The setting intervenes and provides additional support to those children who are not developing and progressing. The planning process also includes the support needed for any children with additional needs. Garside, R (2011). The sex discrimination act 1975 works to eliminate the discrimination against men and women and promote the equal opportunities for both men and women. This act is evident with the children in the setting as they all have equal opportunities in their unit, the same access to toys, activities the outdoor areas. We do not stop girls from playing with cars and boys playing with dolls, they require equal opportunities to develop the knowledge and skills they require in life. The SEN and disability act 2001/2 is an amendment of the education act 1996. The act is there to prevent discrimination against children with SEN or a disability in school and ensures them an education in mainstream school unless the parents request otherwise or it is incompatible with the education of the other children. This is seen in my setting as we are a nursery that accepts children with additional needs unless we feel that we cannot meet those children’s needs without unrealistic changes to the setting. The setting currently has children with Autism, global learning delay, speech and language disorders and chromosome 16 disorder as well as other children with undiagnosed additional needs. The Warnock report 2005 focuses on the future of education and inclusion into mainstream schools. The Warnock report changed the way that we see children with disabilities and encouraged inclusive education, however now inclusive education is favoured the SEN school system is become devalued despite the work they do for the children they care for. My setting is a inclusive setting for children with additional needs and we support the development of the  children and the preferences of the children. Within the early years education system discrimination can occur, it is an aim of my setting to prevent and reduce discrimination, they do this using the policies and procedures and regularly sending staff on training courses to gain knowledge of current legislation and procedures. Prejudice and stereotyping are often seen in education settings because of the high number of different ethnic and cultural backgrounds and the lack of understanding and knowledge that children and young people have. Stereotypes tend to originate from the media of what is seen as ‘cool’, the media also labels certain groups as not being as important as others and can cause children with disabilities isolating themselves from the rest of the group. Judgments can also cause discrimination as people can make poor judgements of people and discriminate against their good qualities just because they are in a wheelchair or have ADHD doesn’t mean they can’t play the same games as the other children they just may need more support than the others. In early years setting we use policies and procedures to outline the government legislation, we do not simply publish the legislation because of the way they are presented and the terminology they are written in. The policies and procedures are designed around the legislation in a way that are easily understandable for the staff and parents/carers using the setting. We make sure that the policies and procedures are accessible for all parents/ carers and staff. It is no longer acceptable to base an education programme on the stereotype of emotional behaviour being feminine, artistic and marginalised and rationale behaviour as masculine, logical and mainstream (Yelland, N 1998). It is important to give all children equal opportunities and allow boys and girls access to all resources and activities whether that be the girls playing with the cars and the boys playing with the dolls or both genders playing outside on the slides and bikes, this is all available in the work setting. Stereotyping can be offensive and cause biased thinking and actions, the tasks set in education programmes could favour groups depending on their culture and previous education (Frederickson, N and Cline, T 2009). As early years settings are examples of anti discriminatory practice and diversity through the early years foundation stage practitioners can provide a programme for the children that meets all their needs, wishes and preferences in learning and development. Stereotypes leading to discrimination through the exchanging of humorous stories can reinforce negative perceptions and group boundaries, this discrimination may be seen between the staff which will give them negative attitudes towards groups of children and parents. In my setting the staff work closely with the early years foundation stage and attend training courses which prevent this from happening. Often no cure is possible for disabilities. However, medically, disabilities were diagnosed, managed and treated. This was challenged by the children’s parents who said they were seen as medical cases rather than individual children. The social model focuses on the children as an individual and highlights social difficulties they may have as a result of their specific disability. The social model respects the needs, wishes and preferences of the individual child when it comes to medication and treatment. In early years there needs to be a good balance of the two models for children with SEN. Without the medical model we would have no knowledge of any causes of management systems that could be used with the children to help them develop and without the social model we would not be meeting the children’s individual needs. Through this essay I have demonstrated my understanding of equality and diversity and how it affects the policy and practice in my setting. I have made reference to current legislation to support my discussion. Legislation I have referred to includes Equality act (2010), Human rights act, Employment equality act, SEN and disability act, Race relations act, Sex discrimination act and the Warnock report. I have discussed areas of discrimination in the early years practice like language and terminology, stereotyping and anti discriminatory practice and the diversity in early years settings. I completed the audit after a meeting in the setting where I was informed of the parent wanting to start in the setting, a discussion was held about how we were unaware of the disorder and didn’t know anything about it. I chose to do the audit here because it was a great opportunity to highlight areas we needed to change or adapt to meet the needs of the child and his family. It was important for us to make the setting accessible for this child because Pugh, G (2010) says it was the focus of the children act (2006) for integration of all services for children with special educational needs (SEN), which supports the aim the best start for children. After the parent was shown around the setting and she told us she wanted her child to attend, a discussion was held between mum, the manager and the SENCO. It came from the discussion that mum wanted the child to start in the preschool unit as he would soon be 3, although his developmental age was much younger. As we did not want to go against mum’s wishes and preferences we made substantial changes to the preschool unit, with the support of the EYP and external agencies we made the preschool unit a suitable environment for the child. Mum was very nervous about leaving her child so the SENCO who was to be the child’s key person started home visits to see the child and talk the mother about his needs. The child then started a long transition into the setting lasting a month and a half. The changes made to the preschool unit incorporated the needs of the child well and after several weeks attending the setting he is getting on well, the SENCO is assessing him constantly t o make sure that he his developing and progressing well and has just took on board teaching herself makaton to communicate more effectively with the child. From doing this audit I have found that the staff in the setting work well to the standards set out in the policies and procedures. The extended transition period used with the child also helped the parent to come to terms with leaving her child with somebody else, this could be something  that could be incorporated throughout the setting and we could make the transition period more flexible for all children coming into the setting. I have also found that the setting not only works together as a team but with work with others like parents and external agencies to create a partnership to help the child. A set back that we came across was researching the disorder, as it is so rare and varies considerably between each sufferer it was hard to find much information, we had to go on the information that mum gave us to create a suitable environment and provide for the child to help him develop and progress, I would recommend regular assessments to identify the gaps in his development so t hat the setting can provide for these and he can progress ready for school. In this assignment I have demonstrated my understanding of equality and diversity as a key approach to policy and practice in my setting. I have made reference to current legislation that has been used to compose policies and procedures in my setting. I have discussed areas of discriminatory practice that relate to children and young people and I have explored the anti discriminatory practice and diversity within the everyday role of practitioners working in early years settings. I have explored an area of my practice using an audit of provision and my understanding of equality and diversity. This was done to develop practice in my setting for children with additional needs. I observed and evaluated the staffing, environment and available funding. Through a report I made recommendations of how the setting can develop practice to support the children attending with additional needs.